In the power system, insulators are the core components to ensure the safe operation of electricity. Its performance directly affects the reliability and safety of the system, so it is necessary to select the right insulators.
The impact of voltage level on insulators
Voltage matching principle
The rated voltage of the insulator must be slightly higher than the maximum working voltage (Um) in the system to ensure that the insulator can still reliably isolate the electrical energy under voltage fluctuations or transient overvoltage conditions. Generally, the rated voltage Ue should satisfy the following relationship:Ue≥1.2×Um(Where Um is the maximum operating voltage in the system.)
Insulator selection for high-voltage systems
For high-voltage systems (such as 6kV, 10kV, 35kV, etc.), it is necessary to select insulators with high mechanical strength and excellent insulation performance. For example: Circuits under 6kV voltage usually use insulators with a rated voltage of 10kV or higher;
Insulator selection for low-voltage systems
For low-voltage systems of 220V or less, the rated voltage of the insulator only needs to be slightly higher than 220V. For example:
220v circuits usually use ordinary ceramic insulators with a rated voltage of 10kv or higher;
In frequent opening and closing and dirty operations, insulators with anti-fouling capabilities can be selected.
The influence of wire height on insulators
Wind pressure and mechanical stress
The height of the wire determines the wind pressure and mechanical stress that the insulator bears. High hanging wires will produce greater tension under the action of wind, which will cause mechanical stress on the insulator. Therefore, when selecting insulators, it is necessary to consider whether the strength grade of its material can withstand the corresponding wind pressure and mechanical breaking load.
Anti-fouling capability
In urban power transmission systems, the height of wires is high, which may cause dirt to accumulate more easily on the surface of the wires. This dirt will affect the performance of the insulator. Selecting insulators with good anti-fouling capabilities (such as insulators with coatings or anti-fouling functions) can effectively extend their service life.
Resistance to high and low temperature conditions
High hanging wires are prone to ice in winter due to lower temperatures, resulting in a layer of ice crystals covering the surface of the insulator. In this case, the insulator needs to have good low temperature resistance. Therefore, when selecting insulators, it is necessary to ensure that their materials can maintain stable insulation performance under extreme temperatures.
The impact of power transmission characteristics on insulators
Resistance and stability
The resistance of insulators changes with temperature, and long-term high temperature will cause the insulation performance to deteriorate or even fail. In high-voltage transmission systems, due to high voltage and large current, both conductors and insulators will generate a lot of heat. Therefore, when selecting insulators, it is necessary to consider the temperature resistance of their materials to ensure that there will be no failures due to overheating during transmission.
The impact of frequent opening and closing on insulators
In the distribution system, the frequent opening and closing of switches and contactors will cause increased mechanical stress between the conductors and contacts. In this case, insulators need to have good impact strength and fatigue performance to avoid safety hazards caused by excessive breaking or fatigue failure.
Requirements under special environmental conditions
Humid environment: In a humid environment, insulators are prone to absorb moisture and form a situation where the insulation layer decreases (called the “wet effect”). At this time, insulators with moisture-proof function can be selected.
Acidic or alkaline media: If corrosive substances such as acids and alkalis are involved in the transmission process, insulators with excellent corrosion resistance need to be selected.
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